现在门锁也是更新换代的飞速，自然安全系数也是越来越高了。锁具毕竟是个机械设备，因此使用时间长了必定会出现各种问题，下面我们就来看看防盗门锁常见的一些故障。

防盗门锁合页会响

产生原因：铰链响可能是因空气潮湿或安装防盗门铰链盒内进入灰尘，导致铰链与铰链销磨擦产生响声。铰链螺丝调节不当，合页插销不在同一轴线上。铰链固定螺丝未调紧，门在使用过程中在重力作用下铰链偏移不同轴。

解决方法：调节一下铰链螺丝使铰链插销在同一轴线上即可（门框中间铰链的两颗螺丝适当放松即）。在铰链销上注入液体润滑油或黄油。切勿使用物油或植物油（诸如猪油、豆油等）

防盗门锁外锁芯打不开

产生原因：外锁芯在受到外力的作用无痕蓄意破坏，使锁芯内部弹子错位，会使锁芯无法开启。被别有用心的人向锁芯内注入胶水和异物，会使锁芯无法开启。甚至不法分子利用技术开启工具拨动护锁片产生自动锁死，会使锁芯无法开启。

解决方法：清理干净异物，并加铅笔粉末后用钥匙开启别人蓄意破坏导致锁芯打不开，所以建议用户联系ARIA LOCKSMITH悉尼小伞锁匠更换新锁。

门锁发紧

一般人在门锁出现发涩、或发紧的时候，往往喜欢向锁眼里滴上一些润滑油，这样，可能立马使门锁通体顺滑了。殊不知，因为油易黏灰，以后锁眼里会容易慢慢积存灰尘，而形成油腻子，这样反而使得门锁更容易出现故障了。削一些铅笔碎末或一些蜡烛碎末，通过细管吹入锁芯内部，然后插入钥匙反复转动数次即可。

生活中门锁使用久了难免出现各种毛病，一些小故障我们可以自行解决，如果碰到大毛病要及时联系ARIA LOCKSMITH悉尼小伞锁匠上门解决。

选择锁具要注意：一是用手感触锁的重量，越重的说明锁芯使用材料越厚实，耐磨损。反之，则材料单薄，易损坏。二是看锁具的表面光洁度，是否细腻光滑，无斑点。三是看锁芯弹簧的灵敏程度。

安全锁，锁安全，小伞锁匠ARIA LOCKSMITHS一方面为您提供安全专业的锁具，还提供快速稳妥的锁具安装服务！安全专业的锁具安装，就来找悉尼小伞锁匠Aria Locksmith！让您再无后顾之忧！

Good security begins with a lock on all perimeter doors as well as selects interior doors. This includes the small cam and-drawer locks that commonly secure desk drawers, wall and floor cabinets, file cabinets, lockers, and other forms of personal storage.

 “Whether we want to admit it or not, by the time the job is almost over, someone’s going to bring up the issue of security for the desk drawers and various cabinets that need to be protected,” says John Larkin, Senior Partner with Electronic Systems Consultants LLC (ESC) of Columbus, Ohio. “It’s somewhat understandable considering all the things that goes into a quality security system. But it’s something that must be done before we can honestly say we’ve left no rock unturned in our attempt to provide quality, effective security.”

In the past, most of the small locks that were used on these types of storage spaces were strictly  mechanical. Cam locks equipped with wafers were the norm and certainly not the exception. It was often more convenient to purchase keyed-alike cam locks than it was to rekey them. This is because the cost of these locks was comparatively inexpensive to the cost of labor needed to remove, rekey, and re-install them.

The solution: use programmable electric cab/drawer locks that support connectivity with a local or cloud-based access control system.  

Current Trends in Access Control

One of the most notable trends in the access control market today is the conversion of mechanical locks to that of electronic hybrids designed to operate in standalone mode or connect with a common ACMP (Access Control Management Platform)—whether local or remotely maintained in the cloud. In addition to regular door locks, this trend also applies to the electric locks that secure desk drawers, wall cabinets, drug carts, medicine cabinets, file cabinets, and other types of personal storage.

 “IHS Technology (NYSE: IHS) estimates the world market for mechanical and peripheral locking devices was valued at $5.2 billion in 2013. This total includes products such as electromagnetic locks, electric strikes, mechanical locks, exit devices and accessories. Mechanical locks accounted for the largest portion of global revenues, at 43.2 percent in 2013” (Growth Trends in the Mechanical Lock Industry, Security Solutions, a hard-print magazine based in Australia).

The second trend of note to locksmiths is the ever-expanding need for more trust by design where it comes to those who use these systems. This leads us directly to a third trend, the ever-increasing use of mobile devices to program and operate these small electronic locks. The latter is becoming a significant part of what is now touted as the “Trusted ID” concept.

According to SecurityWorldMarket, formerly SecurityWorldHotel, Stefan Widing, president and CEO of HID Global of Austn, TX, believes that 2017 will usher in a broad range of smart devices that altogether will result in what the industry will come to know as ‘Trusted Identities.’ Widing says, “This will directly impact how customers view and use trusted identities on mobile devices and smart cards for more activities in more connected environments” (source: HID predicts shift in use of ID technology).

Possible Applications Include Healthcare

Many small drawer and cabinet locks can be controlled by an ACMP. Many of them come with features that exist in large access control systems. For example, HES, an ASSA ABLOY company, makes a computer server cabinet lock specifically to secure the data inside a LAN (Local Area Network), which is exactly the kind of physical protection required by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability Protection Act) for the protection of digital patient data.

HIPAA strives to protect all forms of patient data, from the physical notes taken by a physician or other staff members to the digital data that is kept on or off site in computer networks. Physical and logical security plays a leading role in maintaining patient privacy. These small but powerful locks have become an integral part of this effort.

 “So important is HIPAA that there are serious penalties for failing to maintain a reasonable degree of security. That’s why it’s so important that security companies and locksmiths, work together to protect written patient records as well as data storage servers in healthcare facilities,” says Larkins. “There is a regiment of small locks designed to fit almost every desk drawer and storage cabinet in existence. And by building them with the electronics necessary to process data and store information, we’re able to use them in a building-wide access control system. Our clients can use almost any kind of valid credential with them, including the customary keypad that requires a unique PIN to access them.”  

Of course there are many other applications where access controlled drawer and cabinet locks not only make it easier and faster to “rekey,” but now we’re able to store historical information in the form of an audit trail. An audit trail is a log that contains every person that has accessed the system. Not only does this include the person who initiated the event, but it also includes the day and time, the door used, and other information deemed necessary—even video surveillance footage of the event. Not only does this work well in healthcare settings, but it’s a slam dunk where it comes to securing personal items that belong to employees and visitors, such as lockers in certain areas of a hospital, such as a Radiology Department; bus stations; and elsewhere. This also includes school hallways, gym locker rooms, classrooms, corporate offices, general labor force, and more.

Electronic Processing and Data Storage Protection

One of the most important elements associated with site protection is that of network security and signal integrity in a LAN (Local Area Network) environment. Where logical security is handled by IT (Information Technology), physical security falls within the domain of savvy, knowledgeable locksmiths. A good example of a small electronic drawer/cabinet lock capable of securing server cabinets as well as other means of storage is the KS100 Series lock, made by HES. This one is designed especially for use with server cabinet doors with a standard 25mm (nearly 1 inch) x 150mm (approximately 5.9 inch) lock opening. The lock itself is only 1-21/32 inches wide by 8-1/2 inches tall.

According to HES, the KS100 uses existing ID badges so there are no keys to control or replace and no codes to secure or remember. The KS100 protects servers from malicious or accidental tampering by adding a credential. This includes a HID proximity (125 kHz) or HID iClass (13.56 MHz) credential.

From a strength point of view, the KS100 lock carries a Grade 1 classification and is fully encrypted using AES 128-bit wireless. You can power the lock using a POE (power over Ethernet) connection, thus saving the effort and cost of a separate local power supply. However, where it’s impractical or impossible to install Ethernet cable, the KS100 will operate using local  power in the form of a plug-in transformer.  

Communication with an access control system is carried out using 802.15.4 radio technology via an Aperio hub, which itself connects to an access control network using wired Ethernet. For additional information on the KS100 by HES,

Convertible Use of Electronic/Mechanical Locks

The RFID Combi-Cam E Lock, manufactured by FJM Security of Lynwood, WA, also is designed for use with wall cabinets, server cabinets, and other containment devices. A full electronic keypad enables users to utilize a simple PIN or that of a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) card. Also acceptable are keyfobs and/or ID bracelets.

According to the RFID Combi-Cam E Lock manufacturer, the lock offers an ergonomic, compact form cabinet lock that makes it more versatile in more applications. The battery life within the lock is rated at 10 years. The physical design of the lock also makes it a practical replacement in most cases because of the hole opening requirements is so close to other manufactured locks.

According to FJM Security, the CombiCam E retrofits any cabinet lock application without permanent, further cutouts required to make the lock fit. The CombiCam E standard offers a variety of optional programming features and the RFID version adds yet a few more. A low battery indicator flashes for 250 uses and a temporary battery supply is easy [to create] by simply connecting a [charged] battery to the two light nodes long enough to enter the code and open up the lock

Remote Lock Management

LockeyUSA’s EC Series electronic cabinet and locker locks include seven electronic combination locks, available with three modes: public mode, private mode and Remote Allocation System (RAS) mode, which enables administrators to remotely manage all locks.

The Remote Allocation System is an online code management system available on all keypad locks in the EC Series. Through the online portal, administrators can view a detailed overview of all the locks the currently manage. The lock list provides information such as the serial number, location of the lock and who the lock is currently allocated to.

Adminstrators can manage a single lock code by clicking “Update.” They can change all codes at once by clicking “Manage” followed by “Advance Lock Codes.”

Increased Use of Near Field Technology

Another notable trend in the use of electronic locks, whether they’re connected to an ACMP or not, involves the use of NFC (Near Field Communication). This makes it possible for locksmiths to program the electronic locks they install.

The use of NFC is growing. According to ESC’s Larkin, he first noticed the use of NFC in the security market when installers began programming alarm panels using a smart phone or tablet. “The locksmith ESC partners with uses a NFC-enabled tablet when installing the Kitlock 1550 Smart, made by Codelocks of Irvine, CA.”

The Kitlock 1550 Smart uses NFC for programming, as well as SMS through what the manufacturer calls NetCode. In addition, NetCode can be used over the Internet to do the same things, and more.

The lock itself is a multi-purpose drawer/door lock especially suitable for use with lockers. It comes with a 12-button keypad and supports a 4-digit end user pass code as well as a 6-digit technician service code and an 8-digit sub-master code. For additional information on the KitLock 1550 Smart lock, go

Catch one incident on a video camera system and the original cost of the system becomes worth every penny. Video surveillance has become the norm. Evening news broadcasts routinely show crimes, vehicle accidents and policing actions as they happened.

Video surveillance is not confined only to public situations. Abus has recently developed a video surveillance system which can be used in a residential setting to remotely view the movements of children, see who is at the front door or who is arriving in the driveway. Similar uses for the Abus video surveillance system might be in a business office or at a convenience food store. The basic Abus model TVAC16000 includes a 7” touchscreen monitor, a docking station and one wireless camera. Additional cameras can be ordered and up to four cameras can be integrated into the Abus surveillance system.

Communication between the camera and touchscreen monitor are wireless. The camera has a wireless range of 492 feet. Built-in LEDs allow an infrared night vision range of 26 feet. The camera can be used indoors or outdoors as needed. A tiltable camera mount is also furnished. Both video and audio information is recorded by the camera. Motion detection is an added camera capability. Both the camera and monitor require 5 VDC power from furnished power supplies. Internal batteries in the console can supply power for approximately 1.5 hours in case of a power failure.

Initial Setup

During initial startup of the Abus video surveillance system, the camera(s) must be ‘paired’ to the monitor. Simple-to-use icons displayed on the monitor screen make pairing an easy job. Icons are marked 1-4. Each camera used in the system must be paired by pressing an individually numbered icon.

A free App for either Android or iOS allows users to remotely access the video surveillance system. This App is free in the App Store under the name “TVAC16000.”

Instructions included with the Abus Video Surveillance set show how to determine the computer network IP address, security code and other information. Once network settings have been completed, a furnished cable connects the Abus monitor to the network router. The final step is camera installation. Before final installation, each camera must be tested to make sure that it is in the available wireless transmission range.

Screen Controls

The monitor screen contains three icon buttons. Button choices include ‘Live View’ ,’Event List’ and ‘Settings.’

LIVE VIEW: The Live View console screen provides choices for viewing an individual camera display: either a split screen showing views from all connected cameras or a sequenced display showing individual views from each camera for 5 seconds.

EVENT LIST: Recorded events are automatically saved and sorted according to the date. Prior events are recorded in both audio and video form. Prior events can be deleted from memory. Events are saved to an SD card (not included). Amount of events which can be saved are dependent on the memory size of the SD card.

SETTINGS: Items on the Settings screen include camera setup, recorder setup, network setup, alarm setup, system setup and a FAQ assistance section. Additional logos in each setup section simplify the setup procedures. Alarm tones sound if you have saved a timer setting or as a reminder at a certain time.

Aluminum storefront doors come in narrow, medium, and wide stile configurations. The stile refers to the vertical pieces of extruded aluminum into which the lock and some of the hinge mechanisms are installed. The aluminum glass door stiles and rails are usually 1-3/4 inches thick.
The terms narrow, medium, and wide refer stiles refer to the width of the extrusion.

·                                 Narrow stile is usually 1-3/4 to approximately 2-1/8” inches wide

·                                 Medium stile is usually around 3-1/2 inches wide

·                                 Wide stile is usually about 5 inches wide.

The rails, which are the vertical top, sometimes middle and bottom aluminum extrusions, are available in sizes from four to 10 inches or more for the bottom rail. When this type of door is discussed, the terminology often defaults to narrow stile, even when the stile is wider.

Narrow stile aluminum glass storefront door lock options can be divided into two options: non-business hours pivoting deadlock (deadbolt) and deadlatch lock during business hours. The traffic control deadlatch provides an additional benefit, preventing the wind or stack pressure from opening the door. Some deadlatches have the capability to hold the latch retracted to permit unrestricted access and egress.

Important: Before making any lock hardware changes to an aluminum glass stile door, carefully measure the thickness and width (stiles) or height of the extruded aluminum doorframe. Door stile width and thickness can determine what door locking hardware can and cannot be used and the available area for lock installation.

The glass panel can be in different thickness ranging from approximately 3/16” to one inch. The thicker the glass, the more support is required to keep it in place. As a result, if the stile is too narrow, the backset of the lock may be too deep. Installing a questionable lock can result in contacting the edge of the glass, causing it to break.

It is important to know how the doorframe extrusion components are constructed. For example, Tubelite doors use steel tire-rod (threaded shaft and nuts) construction at the top and bottom of the doors to hold the stiles and rails together. This method of construction permits the doors to be disassembled, resized and assembled in the field. Other manufacturers weld the corners together.

In this article, we will discuss mechanical and electromechanical lever-equipped pushbutton locks that are designed to be narrow stile glass aluminum door retrofit outside trim. They accommodate the Adams Rite-style deadlocks and deadlatches. They have a narrow and longer footprint to accommodate the width of the stile and to cover most existing door prep.

Lock manufacturers who offer narrow stile glass aluminum, lever handle door retrofit outside trim and complete locks include Adams Rite, Alarm Lock, Codelocks, Kaba Access & Data Systems Americas and LockeyUSA. They are available as mechanical and electromechanical pushbutton versions.

Most of the above manufacturers’ products are designed to retrofit onto a narrow stile glass aluminum door that is configured for an Adams Rite or similar style ANSI mortise deadlatch. Some are designed to accommodate the deadlock. The retrofit outside trim version is designed to take the place of the existing outside trim. The retrofit outside trim measures more than 10 inches to cover any pre-existing door prep

Employee identification badges have been around for well over 100 years. Ford Motor Company’s early ID badges had the employee number and the name of the facility stamped into the metal badge. Company rules required employees to wear the badge visibly, outside of their clothing, at all times. In the mid-1910s, Ford began using German Silver (Sterling Silver) for their badges.

These early employee identification badges were an easy way to determine if an employee was where he belonged or if an employee was not where he was supposed to be. There was minimal need for keys as many companies were on three shifts or a few “trusted” employees received access to keys to lock and unlock doors. Usually, the person in the guard shack would provide access control.

Over the years, employee identification badges have become more popular and useful, with photos providing a more precise form of identification. Some badges not only provided identification, but also could be used to make purchases and gain access using the badge as a credential. Access capable employee identification badges (access badges) provide identity documentation and a credential, which is a way to identify a person to a system for the purpose of authentication.

Magstripe Cards

In the late 1960s, magnetic stripe (tape) magnetic qualities were modified to store data. Through trial and error, the stripe was eventually bonded onto a plastic card base. The magnetic stripe or Magstripe card provides the ability to store data on an inexpensive, easily transportable product. The first Magstripe card for identification was invented by Forrest Parry at IBM for the U.S. Government.

Next, different international, governmental and private standards came into place for the physical properties including size, location of Magstripe, magnetic characteristics and data formats and positioning. Magnetic stripe cards were developed into bankcards, employee identification cards, etc.

A plus for the new identification card was the opposite side of the plastic base could be printed and/or embossed with logos, photos, company information and employee information. Companies could have the time clock operating in conjunction with access cards to audit employees and determine payroll.

Unfortunately, a limited amount of information can be contained on a Magstripe card. For access control applications, information could be encoded at the producer’s location and/or the end user’s location. The magnetic stripe would keep the information relatively protected.

Magstripe cards are read using hardwired swipe card (insertion) readers. A downside of the Magstripe cards for access control was that the strip would prematurely wear out. In instances where the card was used multiple times a day, a card could need to be replaced as often as every three months.

The demise of the Magstripe card is rapidly approaching as the ease of cloning and lack of security has become unmanageable.

Prox Cards

Newer technology includes the later incarnations of the low frequency 125 KHz Proximity (Prox) cards and the 13.56 MHz smart cards. Proximity card technology has an Integrated Circuit (IC) connected to a copper wire coil. The coil provides an antenna to receive and transmit the data. The Proximity card just needs to be near the reader (within inches) for a moment to have the encoded data (code) read. Most readers emanate a beep notifying the cardholder it has been read. Unlike Magstripe, Wiegand Keycard and barium ferrite cards, direct contact or even line of sight is not required for a Proximity card to be read.

Proximity cards are coded to a pre-programmed facility code and serial number. Contained within the Proximity card IC chip is the encoded data. This data is fixed; no changes can be made once they have been created.

The industry standard Proximity format is the 26-bit Wiegand protocol. It is an open format, which is recognized by most access control hardware. The 26 bits uses a facility (site) code and card numbers. The 26-bit Wiegand facility code is bits 2-9. The facility code remains the same for the entire facility. The code (card) number is bits 10-25. Bit-1 is even parity and bit-26 is odd parity. Different formats and manufacturers have a similar structure and parity bits to check for errors.

There can be up to 65,535 card/fob ID numbers in a “standard” 26-bit Wiegand Format, from one to 65,535, using all 16 card number field bits, per facility code.

In today’s world, part of the problem of having a sufficient number of card numbers is in an average education facility such as a university, college or hospital is turnover rate. In an average higher education facility that has campus wide access control, approximately ¼ to 1/3 of the total card holders annually drop out, graduate, retire or move on from temporary positions. In addition, some think badges are disposable and lose them monthly. It is never a good idea to reuse card numbers unless administration has all of the cards that have been given out.

In addition to the 26-bit format, additional formats include the 34-bit and 37-bit. They are also available in dealer proprietary formats. Before purchasing a Proximity card-based access control cards and readers, make sure the equipment chosen provides the desired level of security.

Most access control Proximity cards and badges are passive, requiring radio frequency signals from the reader to transmit through the coil, powering the IC onboard power storage. Once powered, the encoded data (binary code) is transmitted to the reader and converted to be read by the controller to determine if access is granted or denied. If access is not granted, no action is taken. If access is granted, the locking mechanism and related components are unlocked and the cardholder can gain entry. Most new readers continue to incorporate Wiegand upstream data so they will always be backwards compatible with older technology access control systems.

Most Proximity cards are the clamshell style with a top and bottom plastic cover sandwiching the coil and the integrated circuit. These cards are available with the card horizontal (card style) or vertical (ID badge). Other styles include the fob, tag and the Prox horizontal card with Magstripe. Proximity cards can also have a Barcode (UPC).

There are advantages with the Proximity card using multiple technologies. For example, a Proximity card can also have a Magstripe and/or bar code. This provides the ability for a school to provide either debit or credit transactions for purchasing using one card that also identifies the person.

There are problems with Proximity card technology. There are a limited number of facility codes since the binary system is either odd or even. This means that the number of Proximity card systems with large amount (100,000 or 1 million) of card numbers is limited. Different manufacturers using similar facility codes and card numbers result in the possibility of duplication. A greater concern is many Proximity card technologies can be cloned.

There are variations of the Proximity card technology. For example, HID Indala 125 kHz Proximity Readers have FlexSecur® technology. This provides an additional level of reader verification processing. MAXSecure from Farpointe Data integrates a high-security code (handshake) between the Proximity credential and the reader. MAXSecure is designed for applications where card numbers have been repeatedly used due to excessive turnover or time. The high security code equipped Proximity cards screens out unauthorized credentials. For information on technologies supported, contact Farpointe Data.

Smart Cards

Around the early 2000s, the 13.56 MHz smart card was developed for access control applications to provide a higher level of security. The smart card has an embedded, secure integrated circuit (microcontroller) or equivalent intelligence with memory. Credit Card companies are converting to cards with Europay MasterCard Visa (EMV) chips. EMV technology will not prevent data breaches, but they will make it much harder for criminals to profit at this time. According to a resource, France has cut credit card fraud 80 percent since 1992, when they introduced the EMV technology. Employee identification badges for many government agencies now require the use of smart cards.

There are contact and contactless smart cards. Contact smart cards have the contact chip above the microcontroller on one side of the card. The gold or silver color contact chip contacts the mechanism within the contact reader.

The contactless smart card is used for commercial access control applications where the time required to insert the card into a reader, have it read and removed adds way too much “person time” for controlled entry doors especially on a large scale.

Contactless smart cards have a coil assembly connected to the microcontroller. These cards make use of radio frequency between card and reader, eliminating the need to physically insert the card. For access control requiring a higher level of secure card access, the contactless smart card can verify that the reader is authentic and can prove its own authenticity to the reader before starting a secure transaction.

Proximity cards use a coil as an antenna and an integrated circuit. However, Proximity cards have no memory. The embedded memory-equipped microcontroller gives smart cards the unique ability for encryption and mutual authentication, store large amounts of data and interact intelligently with the reader. The smart (access) card is read by a contactless radio frequency reader, as is a Proximity card using the same access control application information. Like the Proximity card, the smart card produces a Wiegand protocol output.

For access control purposes, a smart card is available in card, fob and tag configurations, the same as the Proximity card. The microcontroller in the smart card can implement a personal firewall, releasing only mandatory information when required. This gives the smart cards unique capabilities such as support for biometric authentication and information privacy if the organization issuing the cards, readers and systems designs it into the application.

There are different smart cards. Some are read/write and others are read only. Proprietary smart cards include the Mifare and DESfire. There are the different HID iClass smart cards. Because of the variations, not all smart card readers and multiple credential readers will read all of the different card formats. To meet this end, multimode cards have multiple microcontrollers to function with different methods of communications. Before setting up an access control system using a specific smart card technology, do your research to ensure your customer’s needs are met.

Hybrid Readers

As different smart card and additional technologies develop and improve, the migration from one technology to another must be available for seamless operation for several reasons. The development and administration costs for a new identity access card system can be expensive. Offering multiple technology credential readers that read both Proximity cards and smart cards helps to create a timeframe to convert making it fiscally practical when the process is started early on in the development of the smartcard system.

Hybrid card readers can include a Magstripe or a Wiegand keycard reader in addition to the Proximity card reader and/or smart card reader. This eases technology migration while some are still using their same access badges. Make sure the reader is compatible with the smart card’s technology. Once the new readers and software have been incorporated, the access cards can be distributed by groups introduced by level or required security.

o increase security, HID is introducing bioClass readers that provide multi-factor authentication utilizing smart card technology combined with biometric template verification, and/or a PIN. During verification, the LCD graphical display will assist the user with instructions about finger placement on the biometric sensor. The fingerprint template is collected at the reader and immediately transferred to the card. During this enrollment process, the fingerprint template is stored only on the card. The template is never transmitted to an external host. The location of the finger pad is compliant with ADA standards.

The intelligent use of access cards that authenticate any individual who has access privileges is critical to maintaining a high level of security. To maintain such levels, companies must require strong authentication requirements. Depending upon the level of security, multiple credentials can include microcontroller, biometric and keypad.

近日，宝马宣布将在2015年秋季在具备互联驾驶功能的汽车产品上使用带2.2英寸屏的智能车钥匙。宝马智能汽车钥匙嵌入了一块2.2英寸液晶（LCD）显示屏，用户可以通过在触摸屏上滑动，查看燃油量、蓄电池电动续航里程、车门和车窗是否关闭，以及保养是否到期等信息。而常规功能包括了车辆解锁、车辆锁止、长按锁止键关闭所有车门车窗、长按解锁键打开所有车门车窗等。宝马智能汽车钥匙通过一个锂离子电池供电，并可在车内充电座内通过感应方式（非接触方式）充电，或通过Micro USB接口进行充电。据悉，智能能量管理系统可确保钥匙功能在电池不充电的情况下至少使用三个月。

有了汽车智能钥匙，我们只需将钥匙放在口袋里，靠近汽车一定距离时，车门锁便会自动打开;进入车内，只需按动启动按钮(或旋钮)，汽车就点火启动了，使用起来十分方便。提醒各位车主朋友，平常使用汽车智能钥匙需要注意“五不要”，以免遭成损坏。一、不要乱抛乱扔

　　专家强调，多数智能钥匙的内部线路抗冲击力较弱，遇到剧烈碰撞时容易损坏。此外，智能车钥匙进水后会烧坏内部的线路，也会造成遥控失灵。另外还要注意不要将智能钥匙放在挡风玻璃下或其他容易受到阳光直接暴晒的高温环境中。

　　二、不将备用钥匙放车内

　　智能钥匙一旦保管不善丢失，就会带来许多麻烦，而且重新匹配的成本较高。专家提示，备用钥匙不要放在车内或和智能钥匙放在一起。

　　对于智能感应钥匙，在换钥匙时需要修改电脑参数，重新匹配成套的新钥匙，车主需要提供车辆及身份等证明，还要厂家出具车型的相应参数或密码，更换后丢失的钥匙就不能再启动发动机。另一种解决方法是更换全车车锁，这种方法更为保险，但是维修费用成本和维修时间成本较高。

　　三、不要接触金属物品

　　很多车主习惯将智能钥匙与其他钥匙或饰品放在一起，殊不知与金属物品相接触或被金属物品所覆盖，智能钥匙有可能失灵。同时在颠簸中，其他物品也有可能造成智能钥匙损坏。

　　四、不要和电子装置放在一起

　　专家介绍，一般情况下，智能钥匙的原装电池可以使用两年左右，但如果智能钥匙受到严重电磁干扰，也会失灵。“一些环境中，电磁干扰比较强烈，智能钥匙与车辆间的无线通讯，因受到电磁波的影响而暂时失灵。”专家说，“如果将智能钥匙与手机长期放在一起，里面的芯片就容易受到手机频率的干扰，也会暂时失灵。”

　　专家提醒，由于智能钥匙使用低强度无线电波，所以平时不要和电子产品、设备放在一起，收音机、电视机、电脑、微波炉等都属于智能钥匙的“克星”。电磁波不仅耗电，还会影响智能钥匙的芯片，最终会导致智能钥匙失灵。

　　五、切勿用错电池

　　给智能车钥匙换电池要慎重，一旦出现差错，钥匙中的电路板就会烧坏。专家建议，车主要尽量到专业店更换电池。如果贪图便宜，造成钥匙损坏就得不偿失了。

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For those of us involved in the security industry, the best way to predict the future is to identify emerging trends. For most of us we do what is necessary to keep up with the competition and respond to our client’s requests. For those with the pioneering spirit, the spark of inspiration and the desire to succeed fosters entrepreneurial ventures and new solutions.

A little knowledge of the history of our industry is helpful, if for no other reason than to help us avoid past mistakes. A trend is defined by a combination of market demand, available technologies and solutions, and effective delivery solution.

I entered into the access control/security industry in 1976 in the design/manufacturing sector, broadened out into sales, then service and marketing, partially to satisfy my curiosity but largely to meet the demands of the job  and pay the mortgage. Back then the jobsite was the classroom and installation instructions were the textbooks. As a long-term contributor to The Locksmith Ledger while also being actively involved in various capacities within the security industry, I have a sort of global perspective.

When we decided to an article on emerging trends, I sent out the question: “What do you see as the emerging trends in access control?” Here is my list of emerging trends, followed by responses from some industry leaders.

Convergence of EAC from passive door control towards pro-active security functionality. The role of access control is expanding to functions which begin before the individual arrives at the door and involves more than the decision of whether or not to grant access.

Increased implementation in markets/applications: corporate, transportation, retail, education and transportation.

Improved multi-factor authentication: better technology.

Transitions in credentials; (prox, multi-tech, multi-application, smartcards, smartkeys, smartphones, biometrics). Early credentials were encoded by imbedded magnets, wires, and magnetic stripes. Embedded wires and magnetic stripes persist, but with the onslaught of cybercrime, we may be moving into a new era.

Integrating solutions: standalones, reader/electric locking device

Converging infrastructures: hard-wired, wi-fi, z-wave, RS-485 infrastructures.The various system components now typically bridge across protocols on very low power to achieve seamless interfacing.

Combining EAC with video analytics. Cameras have morphed into imaging devices processed by algorithms to open up functionalities which barely made wish lists before reaching fruition.

Running applications and devices over non-proprietary infrastructure, lowering installation costs but requiring enhance encryption. Earlier on, system elements highly proprietary and manufacturers were territorial about their technology. One company’s credential would work with only a certain reader. Management software came preinstalled on dedicated hardware. Then the industry shifted to open architecture using brand name PCs and network protocols. This brought down the cost of EAC drastically and dramatically increased potential. Fast forward to this era and companies promote their products by promising interoperability and open platform/ open architecture.

Tightening of system pricing as system features become more subject to codes. Building Codes are increasingly addressing requirements for systems and the qualifications for those installing them. The more they do, the fewer opportunities, as system designs will become boilerplate; bidding will become filling in the blanks with the lowest number, and only larger installers will be able to afford the training licensing and insurance requirements.

Zwipe: Dual-Factor Authentication

Zwipe biometric cards can provide the enhanced security benefits of two-factor biometric authentication without any changes to an existing access control system software or readers.

"All of the recent news reports about the mishandling and hacking of card information has made both consumers and institutions more leery of using a card only to verify the card holder. There is an increasing demand for an affordable way to use biometrics to authenticate the card holder without having to replace already-installed card readers and equipment. By placing the biometric reader on the contactless card itself and using the legacy smart card reader to read it, a biometric card meets both objectives,” commented Zwipe CEO Kim Humborstad.

Privacy has become a huge issue, along with concerns that biometric data could be stored and distributed.  “ Fingerprint data is captured by the on-card fingerprint scanner and is thereafter encrypted and stored only inside the card. No exchange of data is conducted with external systems. This provides secure template management since the fingerprint never leaves the card. It also eliminates user concerns with privacy issues. The card is unique to the user and only the authorized card holder can activate card communication with the reader," Humborstad said.

New features have been added on customer input gathered since the ISC West trade show, noted Robert M. Fee, Zwipe’s director of sales. These include:

1. Support any existing or new, HF or LF card platform including: iClass, 125kHz Prox, Mifare Classic, DESFire EV1, Legic prime and Legic advant.

“Sixty percent to 70% of the existing access control market is using 125kHz proximity RF technology from companies such as HID Global, Allegion, Farpointe Data, SecuraKey, and AWID. The new Zwipe Access will be 100% compatible with these legacy Prox systems,” Fee said. “Working with proximity readers now lets more end-user use biometrics on high security openings, such as a hospital pharmacy, IT server room or special research lab, without having to upgrade their proximity readers for biometric readers.”  

2. Replaceable battery: Standard coin cell battery can be easily replaced by the user.

3. New fingerprint sensor increasing quality of fingerprint enrollment and authentication.

4. Clamshell design allowing use of a lanyard for easier display.

5 Smooth backside for personalization of the card via a pressure sensitive label (employee name, photo, department, etc.)

6. De-enrollment of an existing fingerprint allows the card to be re-issued to a new employee (controlled by a license for security purposes)

ADI: Integrated Technologies

ADI Distribution is a largest low voltage distributors, offering products for security, life safety, fire, communications, networking home automation, tools and video.

Michael Flink President, ADI Americas offers his opinion to our trends question with:

Web-based access control solutions continue to be popular. Web-based access control allows dealers to utilize existing network infrastructure to save time and labor on the installation and the web interface eliminates the need for a dedicated PC, unless there are higher security requirements.

Products like Honeywell’s NetAXS-123 have been well received as they offer the scalability to easily and affordably expand the system one door at a time based on the customer needs.

The integration of video surveillance and access control has become more mainstream with the adoption of IP. Security professionals are able to provide a comprehensive security system for video surveillance and access control that allows users to get more out of one interface. More VMS systems, like Exacq, ONSSI and Milestone, are offering seamless integration of video with access control products.

Technology manufacturers have partnered up and invested a lot of time and resources to make sure the systems integrate properly, and the shared application programming interface makes it easy to write simple code for custom integration, which in most instances the vendors have already taken care of.

We are also seeing the integration of video surveillance and access control increasing more now in the mid-low end platforms, where in the past it was primarily in larger level installations. As technology becomes more economical, dealers are able to offer integrated systems to organizations of all sizes with different needs and requirements.

Wireless access control solutions are gaining more popularity. Using wireless networks, these technologies offer a less complex, easier to install and cost effective alternative to traditional wired access control systems. With the improvements in wireless technology and no need to pull wires to install these products, dealers are adding these solutions to their offering. Wireless access control offers the perfect solution for outside gated areas, plenum environments and retrofit installations.

Access control solutions that can be managed from a smartphone or tablet app have widely accepted by users. Users like to be able to see and control their system from their smartphone, and instant information delivered to the end user’s phone offers a great safety and security feature.

The use of smartphone interfaces and Near Field Communications for access control credentials will become an emerging trend across the market. Manufacturers are working on new technologies that offer these capabilities, and we will soon see keypads, cards and readers, and biometric solutions being replaced by products that communicate through smartphones. Users will embrace smartphone access control as it offers security and convenience.”

Allegion: Wireless

Rick White, ‎Vice President, Sales and Field Marketing, Americas at Allegion US. Provided his take on trends:

I think the greatest opportunity is expanding electronic access control beyond the standard applications of the perimeter. For instance, consider the president’s office, the data room, the utilities room, labs and other areas. 

Developed specifically for facilities that want to upgrade from mechanical locks and keys to electronic credentials for improved security and efficiency, new standalone wireless locks are ideal for interior office doors, common area doors and sensitive storage spaces at a fraction of the cost of traditional EAC. Programming is easy. All the administrator needs is a lock and a download a free mobile app. 

Since 90 percent of the openings in the market are still purely mechanically managed, just think how easy it would be to add two to four more doors per job by promoting electronic solutions. That could generate between a 15-20 percent increase in revenue without installing  more projects than before, without finding and winning any more customers and without driving to any additional sites.”

Clark Security: Access Control For Small Businesses

Clark Security (a division of Anixter) is a leading wholesale distributor of security products: door hardware, key systems, CCTV, and electronic access control.

Joe Rigby, National EAC Strategy Manager for Clark Security and has been with Clark since 1991.Here is his response.

 “Electronic access control is the fastest growing form of electronic security—both in innovation and demand. CLARK supports many brands on the leading edge of EAC that are creating innovative, robust EAC systems and technology that are more intelligent and less complex to install and maintain. They are also less expensive.  

This is good news for the general public. Thanks in large part to smart phones bringing awareness to security technology trends like biometric locks, people know that more secure schools, malls, hospitals, offices, and homes are literally within reach. The driving force behind this surge in security innovation is a tech-savvy and too often grieving public that expects and demands the security industry to provide smarter technology with more control—innovations that will curb the trend of public massacres that has escalated over the past decade.

This is good news for small business. In the past, large enterprises have been the ones who could afford electronic access control systems. As the technology improves, becoming more robust and less expensive, smaller businesses can afford EAC.

This is good news for the security professional.

As demand for electronic is shifting from large enterprises to the general public and small- to mid-size business, in the electronic industry overall the national average number of doors for an electronic system is also shifting from large office buildings with many doors to smaller buildings with 7 to 10 doors.

EAC systems are getting smaller to fit the demands of the smaller business owner. This shift opens up electronic access control business: installation work that once belonged primarily to integrators is now attainable to dealers who service small-to mid- business in retail, smaller office buildings, and the hospitality industry.

CLARKwill continue to partner with our suppliers and security professionals to meet the demands of the market. This remains a mix of door hardware, key systems, CCTV, and, in rising numbers, electronic access control products and solutions. And we support these solutions with the technical expertise and security education to help locksmiths secure their communities and facilities, as we have for over 60 years.

Cansec: Fingerprint Readers Go Mainstream

Cansec is one of the largest and best respected independent manufacturers of access control. Their objective is to make installation and operation of their systems as streamlined as possible. Here is our response from Cansec President Fred Dawber:

“One of the largest trends I am seeing is the use of fingerprint verification readers - FINALLY!  No one has ever questioned the huge security benefit that biometric identification has over PINs and cards.  You can disclose you PIN and loan your card but you cannot loan your fingerprint or other unique biometric attribute.

Fingerprint verification readers have been around for at least 20 years in one form or another.  So why are they not in broad general use today in the commercial access control market?  There are four major reasons;

1.                    They were too expensive

2.Their performance was unacceptable

3.They were not designed to play nice with standard access control panels

4.Template management was problematic

This is finally changing.  As more manufacturers enter the market, competition is driving the cost of these products down.

The sensors used in fingerprint readers keep getting better and, perhaps more importantly, the algorithms have become very sophisticated.  In addition, the raw horsepower of the embedded processors used in these devices allows these algorithms to run at incredible speed.

The net result of these advances is that these devices have become far more "forgiving" than they have ever beenThey will work reliably for the average commercial user, who is generally in a hurry and cannot be bothered with having to interact with these devices with the discipline which was historically required.

To facilitate upgrading from conventional prox readers to fingerprint readers, they are being made to fully emulate a prox reader including power requirements and support for LEDs and audible beepers.  This literally allows an upgrade from prox to fingerprint to be performed in five minutes.  No changes to wiring.  No changes to the installed access control panels.  No changes to the host access control software.

Lastly, proximity access cards such as iClass and Mifare which have secure read/write capability are now becoming widely used and cost effective.  This allows each user to carry their fingerprint template with them on their card rather than having it stored in every fingerprint reader they will be using.

There is a very good reason why even the commercial locksmiths among you have not sold many electronic access control (EAC) solutions for interior office doors and smaller businesses. Most EAC systems are simply too powerful and, as a result, too costly and disruptive to put on the scores of interior doors in Class A and Class B commercial real estate buildings. To provide EAC to office space entries, interior offices, conference rooms, equipment rooms and IT rooms in commercial real estate buildings, within tenant offices, at school administration offices, government offices and scores of other buildings ranging from those housing ambulatory care to manufacturing facilities, a less expensive and less disruptive, right-sized solution has been needed. This brings up another reason why you always need to go through the latest edition of Locksmith Ledger. Manufacturers are always working on ways to provide you - and them - with increased revenues and market segment growth opportunities. They are also quite aware that the interior door market is a big security and access management retrofit opportunity. And, recently, they have come up with a solution and a significant opportunity for locksmiths everywhere. A new wireless standalone locking system enables the transition from mechanical to electronic access at a fraction of the cost of traditional wired solutions. Developed specifically for facilities that want to upgrade from mechanical locks and keys to electronic credentials for improved security and efficiency, wireless locks are ideal for interior office doors, common area doors and sensitive storage spaces at a fraction of the cost of traditional EAC. Programming is easy. All the administrator needs is a lock and a free mobile app. The locks simplify installation by combining the lock, credential reader, door position switch and request-to-exit switch together into one unit. They have identical door preps to mechanical locks so they can be can be easily interchanged without having to replace the door or the frame. Installation is complete within 15 minutes using only a Phillips screwdriver, with no additional holes to drill or wires to run to the opening. Additionally, lever handing is field reversible in seconds, so there is no need to worry if it is a left or right-handed door. Leveraging web-based and mobile apps makes it simple for you to commission and even easier for your customer to configure lock settings, add users and view audits and alerts fromanywhere. When connected to the Internet, these devices use Wi-Fi to update the locks automatically once a day, eliminating the need to update locks on site as with traditional offline electronic locks. Or, using a downloadable free app and a mobile device, administrators can approach the individual locks and use the Bluetooth Low Energy technology on their smart phone or tablet, to program them. Thus, for small to mid-sized businesses, an affordable EAC solution can deliver new levels of security and flexibility in addition to cost savings associated with re-keying. Ellectronic credentials, which are easily issued on cards or smart phones, reduce the need for service calls related tolockouts and re-keying. Access privileges can be quickly assigned and revoked electronically by the office administrator, making them ideal for employees, contract workers, visitors and service providers. Most importantly, such wireless standalone locks let property owners and managers leverage their existing electronic credentials throughout the building, outside and inside. That's something that they have been wanting and that makes this retrofit project much easier to sell.

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